How the Body Moves DHA Into the Brain: The Role of MFSD2A

This review looks at a protein called MFSD2A, which acts as a specialized transporter that carries a DHA-containing form of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) across cell barriers. It is best understood at the blood-brain barrier, where it helps supply DHA to the brain, supports the barrier’s development, and limits a process called caveolae-mediated transcytosis that would otherwise let unwanted material cross.

The authors compare research across tissues including the retina, placenta, lung, kidney, skin, and immune cells, finding that MFSD2A’s role differs by tissue rather than following one universal pathway. The strongest evidence for its importance comes from rare genetic mutations and lab models where loss of this transporter’s function is linked to reduced brain lipid supply, microcephaly, and neurodevelopmental problems.

The review also notes that MFSD2A changes have been associated with vascular injury and barrier leakage, and with cancer and immune therapy response, but describes these connections as preliminary and correlational rather than firmly established. It outlines open questions for future research, including whether this transporter could be a useful target for drug delivery to the brain or a biomarker, while cautioning that much more validation is needed.