Latest Research

Human Milk Omega-3 Fatty Acid Composition Is Associated with Infant Temperament

Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, Adi Fish and Laura M. Glynn

Breastfeeding: Short and Long-Term Benefits to Baby and Mother

The Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Skeletal Muscle Protein Turnover in Health, Disuse, and Disease

Chris McGlory, Philip C. Calder, and Everson A. Nunes

Frontiers in Nutrition | Sport and Exercise Nutrition

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning

Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana; Bimba Lakmini Goonapienuwala; and Naima Moustaid-Moussa;

Annual Review of Nutrition

Role of omega‐6 and omega‐3 fatty acids in fetal programming

Nirajan Shrestha Simone L. Sleep James S.M. Cuffe Olivia J. Holland Anthony V. Perkins Suk Yu Yau Andrew J. McAinch Deanne H. Hryciw

Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology

Omega-6/Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acid Ratio: The Scientific Evidence

Artemis P. Simopulos, Leslie G. Cleland

Karger

Modulating the inflammatory properties of activated microglia with Docosahexaenoic acid and Aspirin

Lauren K Pettit, Christopher Varsanyi, James Tadros, Evros Vassiliou

Lipids Health Dis.

May omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation help reduce severecomplications in Covid-19 patients?

Pierre Weill, Claire Plissonneau, Philippe Legrand, Vincent Rioux, Ronan Thibault

Biochimie

High Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Diets and Risk of Noncommunicable Diseases: Is the Tissue, the Main Issue?

Hilton Chaves; Ram Singh; Shairy Khan; Agnieszka Wilczynska; Toru Takahashi.

The Role of Functional Food Security in Global Health

Role of diets rich in omega-3 and omega-6 in the development of cancer

SaraHuerta-YépezabAna B.Tirado-RodriguezaOliverHankinsona

Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

Dietary omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate hepatic pathology

SaraswotiKhadgeaJohn GrahamSharpbGeoffrey M.ThieleacdTimothy R.McGuireeLynell W.KlassencdMichael J.DuryeecHolly C.BrittonaAlicia J.DafferneraJordanBeckfPaul N.BlackfConcetta C.DiRussofJamesTalmadgeac

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Volume 52, February 2018, Pages 92-102

Effect of Mediterranean Diet on Healthy Brain Aging: Involvement of Telomerase

Virginia Boccardi, Clara Tinarelli, Patrizia Mecocci

Academic Press

Leukocyte telomere length and diet in the apparently healthy, middleaged Asklepios population

Tim De Meyer1, Sofe Bekaert2, Marc L. De Buyzere3, Dirk D. De Bacquer4, Michel R. Langlois5, Nitin Shivappa6, James R. Hébert6, Thierry C. Gillebert 3, Ernst R. Rietzschel3 & Inge Huybrechts4,7

Scientific Reports

The red blood cell proportion of arachidonic acid relates to shorter leukocyte telomeres in Mediterranean elders: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

Tania-MarisaFreitas-Simoesa, Maria A. Blascoc, Nora Soberónc, Miguel Forondac, Dolores Corellabd, Eva M.Asensiobd, MercèSerra-MiraIrene, Rotha Carlos, Calvoab CintaValls-PedretabRicardo, P.Casaroli-MaranoeMónica, Doménechab Sujatha Rajaramf, Joan Sabatéf, Emilio Rosab, Aleix Sala-Vilaab

Clinical Nutrition, Accepted 10 February 2018, Available online 17 February 2018

Effectiveness of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Xi-Xi He, Xiao-Li Wu, Ren-Pin Chen, Chao Chen, Xiao-Gang Liu, Bin-Jiao Wu, Zhi-Ming Huang

PLOS One Published: October 6, 2016

Association between erythrocyte omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels and fatty liver index in older people

Meagan Rosea, Martin Veyseyb, Mark Lucockc, Suzanne Niblettb, Katrina Kingb, Surinder Bainesd, Manohar L. Garga

Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism Volume 5, September 2016, Pages 78–85

Omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Lian-hui Chena, Yong-fen Wanga, , , Qing-hong Xua, Shan-Shan Chenb

Clinical Nutrition Available online 23 December 2016

Omega-3 fatty acids: Mechanisms of benefit and therapeutic effects in pediatric and adult NAFLD

Anna Alisi, Giovanni Musso, Eleonora Scorletti, Philip C. Calder & Christopher D. Byrne

Critical Reviews in Laboratory Science Pages 106-120 | Received 22 May 2015, Accepted 16 Aug 2015, Published online: 14 Oct 2015

The Response of an Expert Panel to Nutritional Armor for the Warfighter: Can Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enhance Stress Resilience, Wellness, and Military Performance?

Ian D. Coulter

Military Medicine Volume 179 Issue 11S, November 2014, pp. 192-198

The effect of a fish diet on serum lipids in healthy human subjects.

T O von Lossonczy, A Ruiter, H C Bronsgeest-Schoute, C M van Gent, and R J Hermus

Am J Clin Nutr August 1978 vol. 31 no. 8 1340-1346

The effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on in vitro prostate cancer growth.

PK Pandalai, et al

Anticancer Research [1996, 16(2):815-820]

Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation decreases liver fat content in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial

V. Nobili, G Bedogni, et al

Arch Dis Child2011;96:350-353 doi:10.1136/adc.2010.192401

Perturbation of the metabolism of fatty acids by partially hydrogenated vegetable oil.

Hill EG, Johnson HB, et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA)79 (1982)953-957.

Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators and insights into the resolution of inflammation.

Lawrence T, Willoughby DA, et al

Nature Reviews Immunology 2 (2002): 787-795.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids Prevent Inflammation and Metabolic Disorder through Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation

Y Yan, et al

Immunity, Volume 38, Issue 6, 1154-1163, 27 June 2013

Review article: omega-3 fatty acids – a promising novel therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Masterton, Plevris and Hayes

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 31, 679–692

N-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation Significantly Reduces Liver Oxidative Stress in High Fat Induced Steatosis

R Valenzuela, A Espinosa, et al

PLOS One

Mitochondrial dysfunction during in vitro hepatocyte steatosis is reversed by omega-3 fatty acid–induced up-regulation of mitofusin 2

Y Zhang, L Jiang, et al

Metabolism Volume 60, Issue 6, June 2011, Pages 767–775

Omega-3 supplementation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

H.M. Parker, N.A. Johnson, et al

Journal of Hepatology Volume 56, Issue 4, April 2012, Pages 944–951

The therapeutic potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

H Shapiro, M Tehilla, J Attal-Singer, R Luzzatti, P Singer

Clinical Nutrition Volume 30, Issue 1

Omega-3 fatty acids – A promising novel therapy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

GS Masterton, JN Plevris, PC Hayes

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

Docosahexaenoic Acid Attenuates Hepatic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis without Decreasing Hepatosteatosis in a Ldlr-/- Mouse Model of Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis

CN Depner, K Philbrick, DB Jump

Journal of Nutrition

Short-term Consumption of Oral Omega-3 and Dry Eye Syndrome

H. Kangari, et al

Ophthalmology, May 2013

Obesity and Diabetes in the Developing World.

Hossain P, Kamar B, et.al.,

New England Journal of Medicine 356 (2007):213-216

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Autoimmune Diseases

A Simopoulos

J Am Coll Nutr December 2002 vol. 21 no. 6 495-505

n-3 Fatty acids for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Andrea Belluzzia

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Vol. 61 / Issue 03, pp 391-395

Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Inflammatory Markers in COPD

W Matsuyama, et al

Chest. 2005; 128(6):3817-3827. doi:10.1378/chest.128.6.3817

Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Smoking-Related Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

E Shahar, et al

N Engl J Med 1994; 331:228-233

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease

Kris-Etherton PM, Harris WS, et al

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2003; 23: 151-152

Blood Levels of Long-Chain n–3 Fatty Acids and the Risk of Sudden Death

Albert et.al.,

New England Journal of Medicine; 346: 1113-1118.

Trends and Disparities in Heart Disease, Stroke, and Other Cardiovascular Diseases in the US: Findings of the National Conference On Cardiovascular Disease Prevention.

Cooper R, Cutler J, et.al.

Circulation 102 (2000): 3137-3141.

Risk of Cardiovascular Events Associated With Selective COX-2 Inhibitors.

Mukherjee D, Nissen SE, et. al

JAMA 286 (2001) 954 - 959

NSAIDS and Heart Failure

Bleumink, GS, Feenstra J, et al

Drugs (2003) 525-534

Types of Fish Consumed and Fish Preparation Methods in Relation to Pancreatic Cancer Incidence

K He, et al

American Journal of Epidemiology; (2013) 177 (2): 152-160.

PTGS1, PTGS2, ALOX5, ALOX12, ALOX15, and FLAP SNPs: interaction with fatty acids in colon cancer and rectal cancer

N Habermann, et al

Genes and Nutrition; January 2013, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp 115-126

Anticancer activity of fish oils against human lung cancer is associated with changes in formation of PGE2 and PGE3 and Alteration of Akt Phosphorylation

P Yang;

Molecular Carciongenesis; 31 JAN 2013

Omega-3 fatty acids in cancer

P Calder and R Deckelbaum

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Cancer Care; March 2013 - Volume 16 - Issue 2 - p 156–161

Interaction of ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with radiation therapy in two different colorectal cancer cell lines

F Cai, et al

Clinial Nutrition

Dietary ?-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid DHA: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment of Cancer

N Merendino, et al

BioMed Research International; Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 310186

EPA, an omega-3 fatty acid, induces apoptosis in human pancreatic cancer cells: Role of ROS accumulation, caspase-8 activation, and autophagy induction

M Fukui, et al

J. Cell. Biochem. Volume 114, Issue 1, pages 192–203, January 2013

Omega-3 Fatty Acids to Augment Cancer Therapy

W Hardman

J. Nutr. November 1, 2002 vol. 132 no. 11 3508S-3512S

Consumption of Fish Products across the Lifespan and Prostate Cancer Risk

J Torfadottir, et al

PLoS ONE 8(4): e59799. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059799

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Cyclooxygenase-2 Genetic Variation, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer Risk

V. Fradet, et al

Clin Cancer Res 15; 2559

Suppressed liver tumorigenesis in fat-1 mice with elevated omega-3 fatty acids is associated with increased omega-3 derived lipid mediators and reduced TNF-a

K.H. Weylandt, L.F. Krause, et al

Carcinogenesis (2011) 32 (6): 897-903.

Fish oil decreases macrophage tumor necrosis factor gene transcription by altering the NF-kappa B activity.

Lo CJ, Chu KC, et al

Journal of Surgical Research 82 (1999):216-221.

Eicosapentaenoic Acid: An inflammatory Omega-3 fat with potential clinical applications.

Babcock T, Helton WS, et al.,

Nutrition 16 (2000):1116 - 1118,

n-3 Fatty acids and the metabolic syndrome

Y Carpentier

Am J Clin Nutr June 2006 vol. 83 no. 6 S1499-1504S

Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women

J Krebs, et al

International Journal of Obesity (2006) 30, 1535–1544. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803309

Randomized trial of weight-loss-diets for young adults varying in fish and fish oil content

I Thorsdottir, et al

International Journal of Obesity (2007) 31, 1560–1566; doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803643

Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids are negatively associated with obesity.

M Micallef, et al

The British Journal of Nutrition [2009, 102(9):1370-1374]

Anti-obesity effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

J Buckley, P Howe

Obesity Reviews: Volume 10, Issue 6, pages 648–659, November 2009

Omega-3 fatty acids lower blood pressure by directly activating large-conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channels

T Hoshi, et al

PNAS March 4, 2013 201221997

Expert Opinion: Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Bleeding—Cause for Concern?

W Harris

American Journal of Cardiology; Volume 99, Issue 6, Supplement 1 , Pages S44-S46

Omega 3 fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

A. Stoll, et al

Arch Gen Psychiatry 56(5):407-12.

Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation does not reduce risk of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

P Saravana, et. al

Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2010 Feb;3(1):46-53. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.109.899633. Epub 2009 Dec 30.

N-3 Fatty Acids for the Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

L Calo, et al

J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(10):1723-1728. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.079

Diet and disease — the Israeli paradox — possible dangers of a high omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid diet.

Elitaz B, Yam D, et al

Israeli Journal of Medical Sciences 32 (1996):1134 - 1143

Fish oil and rheumatoid arthritis: past, present and future

M James, et al

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society / Volume 69 / Issue 03 / August 2010, pp 316-323

Dietary n-3 fatty acids and therapy for rheumatoid arthritis

M James, et al

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism; Volume 27, Issue 2, October 1997, Pages 85–97

Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammation

T Mori, et al

Current Atherosclerosis Reports; 2004, Volume 6, Issue 6, pp 461-467

Understanding omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

PC Calder, et al

Postgrad Med. 2009 Nov;121(6):148-57. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2009.11.2083.

Long-term effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in active rheumatoid arthritis

P Geusens, et al

Arthritis and Rheumatism; Volume 37, Issue 6, pages 824–829, June 1994

NIH Fish Oil Information

National Institutes of Health

Medline Plus: A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine

Dietary fish oil and olive oil supplementation in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis clinical and immunologic effects

J Kremer, et al

Arthritis & Rheumatism Volume 33, Issue 6, pages 810–820, June 1990

A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain

R Goldberg, J Katz

PAIN Volume 129, Issue 1 , Pages 210-223, May 2007

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation and immunity

Calder PC

Nutrition Research Journal

Interactions of saturated, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate arachidonic acid metabolism.

Garg ML, Thomson AM, et al

February 1990 The Journal of Lipid Research, 31, 271-277

Arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with clinical symptoms of depression

Adams PB, Lawson S, et al

Lipids, March 1996, Volume 31, Issue 1, pp S157-S161

Statin treatments alters serum N-3 and n-6 fatty acids in hypercholesterolemic patients.

Harn JI, Hibbeln JR, et al.,

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids 71 (2004):263-269.

Increased arachidonoate lipids after administration to man; effects on prostaglandin biosynthesis

Seyberth HW, Oelz, O et.al.

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 18 (1975)521- 529.

Association of adipose tissue arachidonic acid content with BMI and overweight children in Cypress and Crete.

Savva SC, Chadjegeorgiou C, et. al.

British Journal of Nutrition 91(2004):643-649

Arachidonic Acid Toxicity: Can Arachidonic Acid Be A Physiological Mediator of Cell Death?

Pompeia c, Lima T, et.al.

Cell Biochemistry & Function 21 (2003): 97 - 104

Arachidonic Acid and Prostaglandins Signalling Promoting Adipose Tissue Development– A Human Health Concern?

Amri EZ, Negiel R

Journal of Lipid Research 44 (20003): 271 - 279.

Adipose tissue n-6 fatty acids and acute myocardial infarction in a population consuming a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Kark JD, Kaufmann NH, et al.,

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77 (2003) 796-802.

Eicosanoids and Inflammation; Prostaglandins in Clinical Practice

Zurier RB

Prostaglandins in Clinical Practice; New York Raven Press, edited by Watkins WD, Peterson MB, et. al.

Association Between (alpha) a-Tocopherol, (gamma) y-Tocopherol, Selenium, and Subsequent Prostate Cancer

J Kathy, et al

JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst (2000) 92 (24): 2018-2023.

Anti-inflammatory properties of a-(alpha) and y-(gamma) tocopherol

E Reiter, et al

Molecular Aspect of Medicine; Volume 28, Issues 5–6, October–December 2007, Pages 668–691

Does Vitamin E Prevent or Promote Cancer?

C Yang, et al

Cancer Prev Res May 1, 2012 5; 701

gamma-tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention.

Q Jiang, et al

Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Dec;74(6):714-22.

New perspectives on vitamin E: gamma-tocopherol and carboxyelthylhydroxychroman metabolites in biology and medicine.

K Hensley, et al

Free Radic Biol Med. 2004 Jan 1;36(1):1-15.

Understanding omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

PC Calder, et al

Postgrad Med. 2009 Nov;121(6):148-57. doi: 10.3810/pgm.2009.11.2083.

NIH Fish Oil Information

National Institutes of Health

Medline Plus: A service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine

Adipose tissue n-6 fatty acids and acute myocardial infarction in a population consuming a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Kark JD, Kaufmann NH, et al.,

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 77 (2003) 796-802.

Bioavailability of omega-3 essential fatty acids from perilla seed oil.

Kurowska EM, Dresser GK, et al

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids [2003, 68(3):207-212]

Dietary Intake of Fish versus Formulations Leads to Higher Plasma Levels of n 3 Fatty Acids

Visioli F, Rise P, et.al.

Lipids, 38; 415-418.

Human absorption of fish oil fatty acids as triacylglycerols, free acids, or ethyl esters

Lawson L, Hughes B

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications; Volume 152, Issue 1, 15 April 1988, Pages 328–335

Bioavailability of n-3 Fatty Acid Formulations

Dyerberg J, Madsen P, et.al

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids Volume 83, Issue 3, September 2010, Pages 137–141

Bioavailability of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from foods

Mu, H

Department of Systems Biology, Technical University of Denmark

Effect of an enteric coated fish oil preparation on relapses in Crohn’s disease

Belluzzi A, Brignola C, et.al

NEJM, #24, Vol 334

Fish Oil Triglycerides vs. Ethyl Esters

Gross M, Klein E, et.al

Lange Eye Care & Associates

Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Deficiency and High Fructose Intake in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome, Brain Metabolic Abnormalities, and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Artemis P. Simopoulos

Nutrients 2013, 5, 2901-2923; doi:10.3390/nu5082901

Characteristics of fatty acid distribution is associated with colorectal cancer prognosis

J Zhang, et al

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids (PLEFA); Volume 88, Issue 5, May 2013, Pages 355–360

Relationship of Plasma Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Circulating Inflammatory Markers

L Ferrucci, et al

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism February 1, 2006 vol. 91 no. 2 439-446

The importance of the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 essential fatty acids

A.P Simopoulos

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy; Volume 56, Issue 8, October 2002, Pages 365–379

Cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 fatty acids.

von Schacky c, Harris WS

Cardiovasc Res (2007) 73 (2): 310-315.

Arachidonic acid to eicosapentaenoic acid ratio in blood correlates positively with clinical symptoms of depression

Adams PB, Lawson S, et al

Lipids, March 1996, Volume 31, Issue 1, pp S157-S161

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, fatal ischemic heart disease, and nonfatal myocardial infarction in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study

Lemaitre, et.al.,

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition; 77: 319-325.

Serum Fatty Acids and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease

Simon et.al.,

American Journal of Epidemiology;142: 469-476.

Blood Levels of Long-Chain n–3 Fatty Acids and the Risk of Sudden Death

Albert et.al.,

New England Journal of Medicine; 346: 1113-1118.

Statin treatments alters serum N-3 and n-6 fatty acids in hypercholesterolemic patients.

Harn JI, Hibbeln JR, et al.,

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids 71 (2004):263-269.

Association of adipose tissue arachidonic acid content with BMI and overweight children in Cypress and Crete.

Savva SC, Chadjegeorgiou C, et. al.

British Journal of Nutrition 91(2004):643-649

The Importance of Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio In Cardiovascular Disease and Other Chronic Diseases

Sinopoulos AP

Experimental Biology and Medicine 233 (2008), 674-688.

The role of insulin and IGF-1 signaling in longevity.

Katic M, Kahn, CR.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 62, (2005): 320 - 343.